Monday, November 18, 2013

India's Mahyco Plans Field Trials for Herbicide-Tolerant GM Wheat

India's Mahyco Plans Field Trials for Herbicide-Tolerant GM Wheat

India's seed-development major Mahyco is developing a series of genetically modified varieties of wheat and rice to boost crop yields by tackling drought, salinity and pests, a senior company official said.
"We are working on a herbicide-tolerant variety of wheat and have submitted an application to GEAC seeking permission to undertake field trials," Usha Zehr, chief technology officer of Mahyco, told Dow Jones. U.S.-based crop science multinational Monsanto Co.has a 26% stake in Mahyco.
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee, or GEAC, is the regulatory authority that grants permission for such trials in India.
Mahyco has also undertaken laboratory tests to develop genetically modified rice with improved nitrogen use efficiency and now plans to undertake field trials.
"We are awaiting no-objection certificates from state governments in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra," Ms. Zehr said.
A cycle of field trials has been undertaken for salinity-tolerant GM rice, and three cycles of field trials have been done for yellow stem borer resistant GM rice, she said. After completing such trials, the next step is to obtain permission for large-scale trials in multiple locations.
She said the salinity in soil is a major issue hurting grain production and developing tolerance can improve yields in the case of wheat by 5%-7%.
"We are developing drought and salinity tolerant [GM] wheat and aim to start field trials in the coming two years," Ms. Zehr said.
Such research is significant because unlike corn, soybeans, cotton and canola, in which genetically modified varieties are grown on millions of hectares globally, no commercial cultivation of transgenic wheat and rice is permitted anywhere in the world because of concerns over food safety. Online WSJ

Mexico bans planting of Monsanto’s GM-Corn!

Mexico bans planting of Monsanto’s GM-Corn!

"Monsanto should not have to vouchsafe the safety of biotech food. Our interest is in selling as much of it as possible. Assuring its safety is the Food and Drug Administration’s job."

- Phil Angell, Monsanto’s Director of Corporate Communications.

The sheer audacity of the claim leaves one momentarily speechless. Unbelievable thought it is, Monsanto’s bigwig was ‘quoted’ as above in the New York Times Magazine of October 25, 1998 in an article appropriately titled Playing God in the Garden.

Unarguably, Phil Angell’s attitude in 1998 said it all – and, whether we like it or not, still does.

But it didn’t take too long for the game of ‘playing God’ to go badly awry for Monsanto et al.

Almost 15 years to the day, October 2013 proved to be a terrible month for the multinational agri-giant as well as the biotech industry as a whole.

On October 22, 2013, Mexico banned the planting of genetically-modified corm in the entire country. Citing the risk of imminent harm to the environment, a Mexican court ruled that, effective immediately, no genetically-engineered corn could be planted in the country. Monsanto and their like will no longer be allowed to plant or sell genetically-modified corn within Mexico’s borders.

At the same time, the County Council for the island of Kauai passed a law that mandated farms to disclose pesticide use and the presence of genetically-modified crops. The bill also required a 500-foot buffer zone near medical facilities, schools and homes, among other locations.

And the big island of Hawaii County Council has given preliminary approval to a bill that prohibits open air cultivation, propagation, development or testing of genetically-engineered crops or plants. The bill, which still needs further confirmation to become law, would also prohibit biotech companies from operating on the Big Island.

Ocean Robbins, founder and co-host (with best-selling author John Robbins) of the 85,000-member Food Revolution Network, in an Op-Ed article on the AlterNet website on October 25 suggested that perhaps the biggest bombshell of all was now unfolding in Washington state.

"The mail-in ballot state’s voters are already weighing in on Initiative 522, which would mandate the labeling of genetically-modified organisms," she wrote. "Knowing full well that 93 percent of the American public supports GMO labeling, and that if one state passes it, many others are likely to follow, entrenched agribusiness interests are pulling out all the stops to try to squelch yet another state labeling effort."

But this time round things aren’t going quite as planned by the biotech industry.

On October 23, Washington state Attorney-General Bob Ferguson filed a lawsuit against the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA), the public face and lobby for the junk food industry; the GMA has been by far the largest donor to efforts to defeat the GM-labeling initiative. The lawsuit alleges that the GMA illegally collected and spent more than $7 million while shielding the identity of its contributors.

The source of the money has now been exposed: it turns out to be Pepsico, Coca-Cola, NestleUSA, General Mills and a few other junk food companies. The lawsuit reveals that the GMA leadership held a series of secret meetings to plot how to perpetrate a money laundering scheme and illegally hide member donations from Washington state voters, in direct violation of campaign disclosure laws.

"All this label fighting and money laundering leads to some very significant questions," says Robbins. "Why are Monsanto and the junk food industry willing to spend many tens of millions of dollars every year trying to keep you in the dark about your food? What doesn’t Big Food want you to know? And what are they afraid might happen if you did?

"Monsanto tells us that their products are about the best thing to come along since sliced bread. For years they’ve been promising that GMOs would reduce pesticide use, increase yields, reduce water consumption, and offer foods that are more tasty and more nutritious. I wish they were right.

"But in the 20 years since GMO crops first came on the market, studies have found that they have led to higher pesticide use, and no meaningful improvement in flavour, nutrition, yield or water requirements. Instead, what they’ve created are plants that are engineered to withstand massive dosing of toxic herbicides, and plants that function as living pesticide factories. In case you didn’t know, Monsanto’s Bt. corn, for example, is actually registered with the EPA as a pesticide!"

Well, well. Filmstars generally consider all publicity – be it favourable or otherwise – as a positive career-boost; I doubt Monsanto thinks likewise about Project Censored’s choice as the 2014 winner "for an article or topic that was ignored or inadequately covered by the mainstream corporate media". The choice was announced, yes, in that awful month of October! [Ah, well, it never rains . . .].

Project Censored chose journalist BelĂ©n Fernandez’s Dirty White Gold: Monsanto’s Claim That It’s a ‘Sustainable Agriculture Company’ Doesn’t Hold Water. Excerpts:

Given Monsanto’s legacy as a producer of the lethal defoliant ‘Agent Orange’ during the Vietnam War, Southeast Asian agriculture would presumably beg to differ with this characterization as ‘sustainable’.

Sustainability is not the first word that comes to mind when contemplating Monsanto’s policy of sowing the earth with genetically modified seeds that destroy soil and are designed with nonrenewable traits so as to require constant repurchase as well as acquisition of a variety of other company products like fertilizers and pesticides.

Nor would the term appear to define a situation in which nearly 300,000 Indian farmers have committed suicide since 1995 after being driven into insurmountable debt by neoliberal economics and the conquest of Indian farmland by Monsanto’s Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton.

In tragic irony, many kill themselves by imbibing pesticides intended for their crops. [Sales, one way or another!]

Author Vandana Shiva outlined Monsanto’s contributions to a "suicide economy" in India: an increase in the price per kilogram of cotton seeds from 7 to 17,000 rupees!

Indigenous cotton varieties can be intercropped. Bt-cotton must be grown as a monoculture. Indigenous cotton is rain fed. Bt-cotton needs irrigation. Indigenous varieties are pest-resistant. Bt-cotton, even though promoted as resistant to the bollworm, has created new pests, and to control these new pests, farmers are using 13 times more pesticides then they were using prior to introduction of Bt-cotton. And finally, Monsanto sells its GMO seeds on fraudulent claims of yields of 1500 kg/year when farmers harvest 300-400 kg/year on an average.

There are a couple of reasons why mass farmer suicides have not generated the international attention that should ostensibly accompany such a phenomenon. For one thing, the image of desperate peasants killing themselves by the hundreds of thousands does not mesh particularly well with the portrait of India fabricated by free market pundits, who hallucinate rampant upward economic mobility among the country’s citizens thanks to globalization.

According to filmmaker Leah Borromeo, director of the forthcoming Dirty White Gold about cotton and fashion, the dearth of international concern over the issue is also a result of the fact that "people haven’t made the connection between our consumer habits and the lives and deaths of farmers."

The objective of the film, which shines a light on the entire cotton supply chain, is to help force legislation that will "make ethics and sustainability the norm in the fashion industry." As Borromeo wrote in a recent article for the New Statesman: "I’m exploring science and the idea of open-sourcing technology to take power away from corporations and anyone who makes a killing out of suicides." The Island

Indonesia must adopt GMO to achieve self-sufficiency in food

Indonesia must adopt GMO to achieve self-sufficiency in food

Indonesia must adopt genetically modified crops if the world's fourth-most-populous nation wants to achieve self-sufficiency in food staples like corn, a senior agriculture official said. Corn imports into Southeast Asia's largest economy are rising rapidly as improved wealth levels drive poultry demand, and are forecast to nearly double this year to 2.8 million tonnes. 

Indonesia set a goal after food prices surged five years ago to be able to feed itself in soy, beef, corn, rice and white sugar by 2014, but the policy is being softened amid signs the targets are a long way off. "In Indonesia, we are still not allowed to implement it (GMO)," Deputy Agriculture Minister Rusman Heriawan told Reuters late on Wednesday. "Using the GMO will increase our production more. That's the only one solution we have." 

At present, Indonesia allows the import of many GMO foods, like soybeans and corn, but politicians have shied away from backing the introduction of GM seeds for staple foods. Opposition to the agriculture ministry's GMO push is coming from the country's Bio Security Commission for Genetically Engineered Products, said Heriawan. Indonesian government departments and agencies often fail to work together because of a lack of communication or differing agendas, which can slow the progress of new initiatives and regulations. However, Heriawan said he was hopeful that GMO technology would be used in Indonesia within a year, despite consumer concerns. 

"We have tried different ways to increase our production and finally we came up with this idea that the remaining strategy for agriculture development is by using GMO," he said. Both Syngenta AG, the world's largest maker of crop chemicals, and Monsanto Co, the world's largest seed company, have been promoting GMO in Indonesia this year. 

GM technology using genes to modify crops in order to yield more output has previously faced resistance in the country in case of health or biodiversity risks. In 2001, Indonesia planned to cultivate 20,000 hectares (49,400 acres) of GM cotton in South Sulawesi sponsored by Monsanto, but the programme was stopped after strong protests from non-governmental organisations. 

Heriawan said the Indonesian government has also taken advantage of soft demand for rubber to spearhead a drive to re-plant rubber plantations this year, with an initial outlay of 100 billion rupiah ($8.6 million). "We started the re-planting program this year, mostly in Sumatra and in parts of Kalimantan," he said, adding that the scheme was expected to last four years. Rubber output in Indonesia, the world's second-largest producer, is seen at 3.2 million tonnes this year, up from 3 million tonnes a year earlier, according to industry and government forecasts. Business Recorder

Crop experiments needed for food security

Crop experiments needed for food security
A number of different genetically modified crop varieties are being tested as part of the country’s efforts to modernise our agriculture.
The jury is still out on the risks. Worldwide, the reception has been mixed and concerns have been expressed about detrimental effects on crop diversity or the development of new dependencies on particular fertilizers and pesticides.
Potentially however, they are an important part of efforts to increase farmers output and resilience. Recent reports on the successful flood-tolerant paddy cultivation experiment in Gaibandha represent good news on this front.
It is only right that the department of agriculture extension (DAE) should take all necessary steps to confine trials of modified varieties of rice and potatoes before such crops are put to production. Extensive piloting and testing have to be conducted, so the DAE is right not to act hastily.
The DAE should take as long as it needs, and be absolutely certain about whatever good and bad effects these products will have, as we must be absolutely certain of the benefits before we proceed.
If the DAE needs a case for why it should take more time before releasing these crops, the uncertainty surrounding BT Brinjal should serve as a pretty good example.
We support the DAE in its efforts to continue to supplement our agriculture with innnovations that increase output in a cost effective and sustainable manner. dhakatribune 


Indian biotech aiming to be $100-bn sector by 2025: Shaw

Indian biotech aiming to be $100-bn sector by 2025: Shaw

Indian biotechnology sector is looking to be a $100 billion sector by 2025, Biocon Chief Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw said on Saturday.
“We want to make Indian biotechnology a $100 billion sector by 2025. I really believe this can be done if we have right policies in place, right resources and right investments,” Biocon Chairman and Managing Director Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw told PTI.
She was speaking on the sidelines of the third convocation and fifth annual lecture of NIIT University.
Taking this road map is about delivering security like food security, health security and energy security and environment security, she added.
“Agri bio can itself provide a $40 billion sector, Already BT Cotton is a $7.5 billion sector for the country.
If you allow other genetically modified crops it could be much bigger,” Ms. Shaw said.
The government should allow the genetically modified crops. Without that the country cannot be food sufficient, she added.
“Moreover this would also lead to less use of pesticides which are very harmful. You need to reduce pests and pesticides and that can only be done with technology,” Ms. Mazumdar-Shaw said.
If farmers are to become prosperous you need technology, she added.
“This can happen when you have investments in agri-bio, pharma-bio among others,” Ms. Mazumdar-Shaw said, adding that “for this, we need enabling policies by the government.”
Private sector needs the ease to conduct its business, she said. PTI